【专栏】飞机结构静强度应变现场测试手段展望

目前飞机结构静强度应变现场主要的测试手段为使用电阻应变计测量系统，但电阻应变计测量系统存在抗电磁干扰差、引线过多以及一致性难以保证等问题，测试效果难以保证。近年来，光纤传感以及非接触光学测量手段的迅速发展，为飞机结构静强度应变现场测试提供了多种选择。本文通过分析以数字图像相关法技术为代表的新技术的特点，如通过进行非接触操作消除安装过程中所带来的分散性误差以及不确定性，在应对某些需要定性分析的飞机静强度试验场合时可以实时给出三维应变和位移场数据，使测量技术更加直观，以及可溯源性更好、更容易保证计量特性的稳定等，对未来飞机结构静强度应变现场测试手段进行了展望，以期为相关部门和机构提供参考。     

高频地波超视距雷达述评

高频(HF)地波超视距雷达(GW-OTHR)利用雷达波束绕地表面衍射作用,能探测视距外的舰船、低空飞机和巡航导弹,不仅覆盖面积大、费用低,能弥补常规微波雷达低空盲区和天波超视距雷达的近距盲区,也无需注意电离层的变化,且可反隐身、抗反辐射导弹(ARM),因而在许多国家的国民经济和国防领域中得到了广泛的应用。论述了地波沿海面传播的特性和探测能力,并对超视距雷达的发展和应用进行了介绍。     

Physical and damping properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane composites

The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber (NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The treated kenaf fiber, NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender machine. The polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample board. The sample was cut and prepared and water absorption, density, thickness swelling and DMA tests were performed. As far as physical properties are concerned, composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results, which indicates good fiber bonding adhesion. The polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.     

Synergistic effect of hybrid Himalayan Nettle/Bauhinia-vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites

The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability, eco-friendliness, and higher specific strength. Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers (Nettle fiber (NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber (BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2–6 wt% and evaluate the physical (void fraction and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites. The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa, flexural strength of 42.45 MPa, and hardness of 37.01 H_v respectively. The influence of various control factors (sliding velocity, NF/BF/NBF contents, normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi (three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.     

光纤光栅与分布式光纤感温探测性能研究

传统的火灾自动报警系统工作时需要向现场探测器供电。带电类探测器工作在易燃易爆场所必然存在着不安全因素，而利用光纤光栅及分布式光纤感温探测元件构成的火灾探测报警系统采用光信号测量与传输，实现了探测现场无电检测，从而真正实现了本质安全防爆。在分析光纤光栅与分布式光纤感温探测机理的基础上，通过对比探讨了各自的应用特性。     

高速布放的微型海光缆下沉状态研究

研究了高速布放的微型海光缆(SFOMC)的下沉状态,分析了洋流、微缆外径、微缆单位长水中重力以及布放速度对下沉状态的影响.计算机仿真结果表明,上升流是影响SFOMC下沉状态的决定性因素,在选择路由时,一定要避开有上升流的海域,同时要加快下沉速度,还应尽量选用外径较小的SFOMC;而下沉速度受SFOMC的单位长水中重力的影响不大,没有必要设计制造大重力的单位长水中重力的SFOMC,且下沉速度与布放平台的航行速度无关.     

光纤陀螺在车载惯性平台稳定回路中的仿真

为了延长车载惯性平台的使用寿命并提高其稳定精度，在原有平台机械结构的基础上，提出采用光纤陀螺代替原有的挠性陀螺作为惯性平台的敏感元件，并重新建立了平台系统稳定回路的数学模型。仿真研究表明该数字稳定回路具有较好的动态和稳态性能，能够满足系统的设计要求。经实验验证，该光纤陀螺惯性平台系统已实现功能要求。     

拉锥光纤耦合的光放大器组件光损耗分析

介绍了拉锥光纤耦合的SOA组件的结构特点 ,并针对该结构计算分析了光耦合损耗的最小值 .为了进一步减小SOA组件的光耦合损耗 ,提出了不对称形式的拉锥光纤耦合的SOA组件结构 .这在原有的制作工艺技术条件下 ,可以将整个组件的光耦合损耗降低 1dB .     

光纤陀螺随机漂移的ARMA模型

分析了传统时间序列分析法建立ARMA模型的不足,提出了一种利用模型阶数判断准则和长自回归法建模的新方法。对数据进行了预处理和模型识别,比较了不同模型阶数判断准则的特点,研究了用长自回归法估计模型参数的步骤和方法。最后对光纤陀螺随机漂移进行了建模实验,通过对模型残差的白噪声检验,证实了使用新方法建立的ARMA模型具有很好的适用性。     

超连续谱激光光源研究进展

高非线性光纤制造技术的成熟和光纤激光器性能的提升,极大地促进了超连续谱光源的快速发展,以光纤为非线性介质的超连续谱的产生成为当前研究热点。从可见光、近红外和中红外3个不同波段,综述了超连续谱产生的技术方案与最新进展。当前,可见光和近红外波段的超连续谱光源输出功率已经突破百瓦量级,并出现了多芯光子晶体光纤、光纤放大器和随机光纤激光器产生超连续谱等众多新方案;以氟化物光纤和亚碲酸盐光纤为非线性介质的中红外超连续谱,输出功率也突破了十瓦量级;在光谱拓展方面,以硫系光纤为非线性介质的超连续谱,输出光谱已扩展到12μm以上。